1 0 1 0 0 R T L WESTERN DIGITAL Native| Translation ------+-----+-----+----- Form 3.5"/SLIMLINE Cylinders |16383| | Capacity form/unform 10141/ MB Heads | 16| | Seek time / track 10.0/ 1.0 ms Sector/track | 63| | Controller IDE / ATA3 ENHANCED Precompensation Cache/Buffer 512 KB ADAPTIVE Landing Zone Data transfer rate 10.000 MB/S int Bytes/Sector 512 33.300 MB/S ext UDM33 Recording method 16/17,PRML operating | non-operating -------------+-------------- Supply voltage 5/12 V Temperature *C 5 55 | -40 60 Power: sleep 0.8 W Humidity % 5 85 | 5 95 standby 1.3 W Altitude km | idle 6.2 W Shock g 10 | 150 seek 9.9 W Rotation RPM 5400 read/write 6.2 W Acoustic dBA 34 spin-up 24.3 W ECC Bit REED SOLOMON,SMART MTBF h 400000 Warranty Month Lift/Lock/Park YES Certificates ********************************************************************** L A Y O U T ********************************************************************** WESTERN AC310100 TECHNICAL REFERENCE GUIDE 8/1998 +---------------------------------------------------------+ | |XX J2 | |XX Inter- | |XX face | |XX | |.X | |XX | |XX | |XX | |X1 | |+-+ | || |J8 | |+-1 | |XX J3 | |XX Power +---------------------------------------------------------+ 1 J2 J8 J3 +39------------------------------------1++5-3-1++-------+ |o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o||o o o||O O O O| |o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o||o o o||4 3 2 1| --+40------------------------------------2++6-4-2+++-+-+-++---- | | | +12V (Pin 20 keyed) | | +- GND | +--- GND +----- +5V ********************************************************************** J U M P E R S ********************************************************************** WESTERN AC310100 TECHNICAL REFERENCE MANUAL 8/1998 Jumper setting ============== J8 Master/Slave/Cable Select Configuration ------------------------------------------- +5-3-1+ Single (Neutral Position) |xxx o| Factory default. The jumper in this position has no effect |o o o| on single hard drive configurations. +6-4-2+ +5-3-1+ Cable Select +5-3-1+ Master Drive |o o X| option. |X o o| Configuration |o o X| |X o o| (Dual Drives) +6-4-2+ +6-4-2+ +5-3-1+ Slave Drive |o X o| Configuration |o X o| (Dual Drives) +6-4-2+ The Caviar can be assigned as either a single, master, or slave drive. Jumper Settings --------------- The Caviar drive has a jumper block (J8) located next to the 40-pin connector on the drive. The Caviar can be assigned as either a single, master, or slave drive. Caviar drives are shipped with a jumper shunt in the neutral storage position (across pins 5 and 3). The additional foour pins on the 10-pin connector are RESERVED for future use. Single Drive Mode - If you are installing the Caviar drive as the only hard drive in the system, leave the jumper in the neutral storage position. Jumpers are not required for single drive installations. Note that even with no jumper installed, the Caviar checks the DRIVE ACTIVE/SLAVE PRESENT (DASP) signal to determine if a slave IDE drive is present. If you have a dual installation (two hard drives), you must designate one of the drives as the master and the other as the slave drive. The jumper pins on the J8 connector need to be configured for the dual installation. Master Drive Mode - To designate the drive as the master, place a jumper shunt on pins 5-6. With the Caviar configured as the master drive, the Caviar assumes that a slave drive is present. The jumper on pins 5-6 is optional if the slave drive follows the same protocol (Common Access Method AT Bus Attachment) as the WD Caviar drive. Slave Drive Mode - To designate the drive as the slave, place a jumper shunt on pins 3-4. When the Caviar is configured as the slave drive, the Caviar delays spin up for three seconds after power-up reset. This feature prevents overloading of the power supply during power-up. Cable Select (CSEL) - Caviar also supports the CSEL signal on the drive cable as a drive address selection. Place a jumper shunt on pins 1-2 to enable this option. When enabled, the drive address is 0 (Master) if CSEL is low, or 1 (Slave) if CSEL is high. Do not install the CSEL jumper shunt when installing the Caviar drive in systems that do not support the CSEL feature. J3 DC Power and pin connector assignments ------------------------------------------- +------------+ pin 1 +12 V | 4 3 2 1 | pin 2 GND +------------+ pin 3 GND pin 4 + 5 V Alternate Jumper Settings for Drives Larger than 2.1 GB ======================================================= On initial boot, the system BIOs may lock up on drives that have more than 4095 cylinders (driver larger than 2.1 GB). Alternate jumper setting have been provided for the Caviar drives that are larger than 2.1GB to overcome this system BIOS limitation. These jumper settings cause the drive to report 4092 cylinders (instead of the usual 8912, 6,296, 11,184, or 7752) in Word 1 of the Identify Drive data. The true capacity is still reported in Word 54 and Word 60-61. All other Identify Drive data remains the same. NOTE Do not use these alternate jumper settings in Windows NT systems! +5-3-1+ Single Drive +5-3-1+ Master Drive |X X o| Configuration |X o X| Configuration |X X o| |X o X| (Dual Drives) +6-4-2+ +6-4-2+ +5-3-1+ Slave Drive |o X X| Configuration |o X X| (Dual Drives) +6-4-2+ If these jumper settings are invoked, the cable select option is not avaiable. Carefully place the shunt. Push the shunt into place until it is flush against the base of the jumper block. You will know if your system BIOS has this limitation after installing your drive. On the initial boot your system may a) lock up, or b) show a much smaller drive capacity. a) If your system does not respond after two minutes (i.e., locks up), follow these steps: 1. Turn your system power off. Check the IDE interface and power supply cables. 2. Check jumper settings. 3. Turn your system power on. 4. Try to enter your CMOS setup. If your system still doesn't respond, it may be because you have a system BIOS that doesn't support drives with more than 4095 cylinders. If this is the case, these solutions are available: 1. Use EZ-Drive. If your system locks up before you can enter CMOS, you may need to turn your system power off and disconnect the IDE cable from the system to access your CMOS setup. Enter your CMOS setup. Refer to your system manual for instructions. Select the Hard Disk Type option for the new Western Digital hard drive. Select a user defined drive type and enter: 1023 x 16 x 63. Turn your system off and reconnect your IDE cable to the system. These new settings will allow your system to boot so that you can install EZ-Drive to access the full capacity of your drive. - OR - If you don't have the user defined drive type, use option 2 or 3 below. 2. Rejumper the drive and install EZ-Drive. This option changes the parameters reported to the BIOS. In the future, if you move this drive to another system, you must put the jumper back to the standard position. Note: These special jumper settings WILL NOT work for OS/2 Warp, Novell NetWare, or UNIX. - OR - 3. Upgrade your BIOS. A properly upgraded BIOS will support the drive. Contact your system manufacturer the system BIOS limitation. ********************************************************************** I N S T A L L ********************************************************************** WESTERN AC310100 TECHNICAL REFERENCE GUIDE Notes On Installation ===================== Mounting the Drive ------------------ For dual installations, it is usually easier to completely install one IDE drive in the lower position first. The order of IDE drives is unimportant if you are using two Western Digital drives. As explained previously, one must be jumpered as the master drive and the other as the slave drive. When installation is complete, the drives are daisy-chained together. Orientation ----------- The Caviar can be mounted in the X, Y, or Z axis depending upon the physical design of your system. It is recommended that the drive be mounted with all four screws grounded to the chassis. horizontally vertically +-----------------+ +--+ +--+ | | | +-----+ +-----+ | | | | | | | | | +-+-----------------+-+ | | | | | | +---------------------+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +---------------------+ | +-----+ +-----+ | +-+-----------------+-+ +--+ +--+ | | | | +-----------------+ The drive will operate in all axis (6 directions). Screw Size Limitations ---------------------- The Caviar is mounted to the chassis using four 6-32 screws. Recommended screw torque is 5 in-lb. Maximum screw torque is 10 in-lb. Caution: Screws that are too long will damage circuit board components. The screw must engage no more than six threads (3/16 inch). Side mounted screws should engage a maximum of .188 inches (3/16"). Bottom mounted screws should engage a maximum of .250 inches (1/4"). Grounding --------- It is recommended that the drive be mounted with all four screws in the side grounded to the chassis. The drive must be grounded with at least one mounting screw. Side mounting: Use four metal screws. Top face mounting: Use four metal screws. Determining Your Configuration ------------------------------ You can configure the Caviar in one of two ways: 1. The drive is cabled directly to a 40-pin connector on the motherboard, or 2. The drive is cabled to an adapter card mounted in one of the expansion slots in the computer. Both configurations use a 40-pin host interface cable. If you are using the Caviar drive as one of two hard disk drives in the computer (dual installation), you may use either configuration. In dual installations, you must use a 40-pin host interface cable with three connectors and daisy-chain the two drives to the motherboard or adapter card. Cabling and Installation Steps ------------------------------ Make sure your interface cable is no longer than 18 inches (including daisy chaining) to minimize noise that is induced on the data and control buses. When connecting two drives, use a daisy-chain cable that has three 40-pin connectors. Connectors should be placed no more than six inches from the end of the cable. If only one drive is connected, it should be placed on the end of the cable. Caution: You may damage the Caviar drive if the interface cable is not connected properly. To prevent incorrect connection, use a cable that has keyed connectors at both the drive and host ends. Pin 20 has been removed from the J2 connector. The female connector on the interface cable should have a plug in position 20 to prevent incorrect connection. Make sure that pin 1 on the cable is connected to pin 1 on the connectors. The order in which you perform the following steps will vary depending on your system. 1. Attach the end of the 40-pin interface cable to the 40-pin J2 connector on the back of the Caviar hard drive. For dual installations, connect the two drives together by using a three-connector interface cable. Match the orientation of pin socket 1 on the 40-pin IDE cable to pin 1 on the connector. 2. Thread the cable through the empty drive bay and slide in the Caviar drive. 3. Mount the Caviar drive in the drive bay using four 6-32 screws. Be sure to use the correct size screws. Do not install the screws past six threads (3/16 inch). Screws that are too long will damage the Caviar drive. For proper grounding be sure to use ALL four screws. Interface Pin 39 HDASP (I/O) Drive Active/Slave Present ------------------------------------------------------- This open collector output is a time-muliplexed signal indicating drive active or slave present. At reset, this signal is an output from the slave drive and an input to the master drive, showing that a slave is present. For all times other than reset, HDASP- is asserted by the master and slave drives during command execution. ********************************************************************** G E N E R A L ********************************************************************** WESTERN 8.4GB BARRIER 8.4 GB Capacity Barrier - 3.5-inch EIDE Hard Drives ---------------------------------------------------- Some system BIOSs and operating systems have limitations associated with large capacity hard drives. There are several PC components that have an EIDE hard drive capacity limitation at approximately 8.4 GB. These limitations apply to any hard drive that reports an EIDE capacity of 16320 cylinders x 16 heads x 63 sectors per track or larger. The following is a discussion of how these limitations affect the system BIOS Interrupt 13 functions, the operation of EIDE hard drives, and operating systems. System BIOS Interrupt 13 Functions ---------------------------------- Interrupt 13 (INT 13) Functions: INT 13 Function 8 is the traditional method used by the system BIOS to access hard drives using cylinders, heads, and sectors per track (CHS). Identify Drive words 1, 3, and 6 contain these values. The maximum values the BIOS can report (1024 cylinders 256 heads, and 63 sectors) have been exceeded by the 8.4 GB and larger hard drive capacities. Because some operating systems do not function properly with 256 heads, all system BIOSs report a maximum number of 255 heads. There are times when a hard drive is large enough that INT 13 Function 8 could report 1024 cylinders. However, it is common for only 1023 cylinders to be reported. The remaining diagnostic cylinder is not made accessible through INT 13 function calls. Extended INT 13 Functions: To utilize the full capacity of hard drives larger than 8.4 GB, the system BIOS must use extended INT 13 functions. To recognize the full capacity of hard drives larger than 8.4 GB, extended INT 13 functions use Identify Drive words 60 and 61 rather than words 1, 3, and 6. Many system BIOSs do not support extended INT 13 functions. DOS 6.22 and earlier versions do not recognize or utilize these extended functions even if they exist in the BIOS. Windows 95, Windows 98, and boot disks created with Windows 95, are capable of utilizing these functions and recognizing hard drives larger than 8.4 GB. WDTBLCHK Version 2.00 and later can be used to determine if these functions are present. EIDE Hard Drives System BIOSs and operating systems check the capacity of EIDE hard drives by issuing an Identify Drive command. The hard drive reports the capacity in two ways: 1. The number of cylinders, heads, and sectors per track (in words 1, 3, and 6). 2. The total number of addressable sectors (in words 60 and 61). Most EIDE 8.4 GB hard drives report their capacity as 16383 cylinders, 16 heads, and 63 sectors per track in Identify Drive words 1, 3, and 6. This results in a total number of addressable sectors of 16,514,064 (8455 MB). 8.4 GB is the largest capacity that can be reported with words 1, 3, and 6 because the maximum value these words can hold are 16383x16x63. To determine the true capacity of hard drives larger than 8.4 GB, the system BIOS must access Identify Drive words 60 and 61 and use the total addressable sectors. System BIOS Limitations at 8.4 GB --------------------------------- Many BIOSs do not properly support 8.4 GB and larger hard drives. We recommend using EZ-Drive 9.06W or later. EZ-Drive 9.06W or later supports extended INT 13 functions which allows the BIOS to access the full capacity of 8.4 GB and larger hard drives. EZ-Drive 9.06W can be downloaded from Western Digital's web site at www.westerdigital.com Some of the BIOS issues that may be encountered with 8.4 GB or larger hard drives are: 1. Reporting 0 Heads in INT 13 Function 8. Some BIOSs attempt to use translated geometry but incorrectly report 0 heads in INT 13 Function 8 instead of 255 heads. If Fdisk is run on these systems, it initially appears to function normally. However, a corrupted partition is created which incorrectly reports the drive has 0 heads. DOS hangs, even when booted from a floppy, as soon as it detects this partition. To correct this issue: - Boot to a bootable non-DOS based floppy. EZ-Drive can be used for this purpose. - Boot to the EZ-Drive diskette and set up the drive using EZ-Drive. This repartitions and formats the drive correctly so that the system can boot properly. Failure to Translate or Reporting Much -------------------------------------- Lower Capacities. Some BIOSs will not translate an 8.4 GB hard drive, or will report a capacity significantly less than 8.4 GB. In some cases, an 8.4 GB or larger drive causes INT 13 Function 8 to revert back to what appears to be a 528 MB or less limitation. The solution is to either obtain a BIOS upgrade if possible, or use EZ-Drive 9.06W. Hang During Boot ---------------- Some systems hang after power on when auto-detecting an 8.4 GB hard drive. This hang does not disappear until a less than 8.4 GB drive type is selected in CMOS, making it impossible to utilize the full capacity of the hard drive. The solution is to select a User Defined type that is less than 8.4 GB, and use EZ-Drive 9.06W to set up the hard drive. POST Error During Boot ---------------------- In some systems with proprietary BIOSs you may encounter errors during POST or a failure to boot properly. If this happens it may be necessary to use the Alternate Jumper Settings shown below and set up the hard drive using EZ-Drive. The Alternate Jumper Settings are used to force the drive to report 4092 cylinders in Identify Drive word 1, but still report the true capacity in words 60 and 61. This allows EZ-Drive and the extended INT 13 functions to recognize the true capacity of the hard drive. 240 Head BIOS Translation ------------------------- Many BIOSs report a maximum of 240 heads in INT 13 Function 8, giving a limitation of 7.9 GB (1024x240x63). Some of these BIOSs still support extended INT 13 functions. Windows 95 and Windows 98, which utilize the extended INT 13 functions, recognize the full 8.4 GB or larger capacity. DOS 6.x and Windows 3.x are limited to 7.9 GB because they do not utilize the extended INT 13 functions. Operating System Limitations at 8.4 GB -------------------------------------- 1. DOS 6.x and Windows 3.x. These operating systems do not support extended INT 13 functions so they are dependent on the INT 13 Function 8 BIOS limitation of the system. DOS is limited to a maximum of 1024 cylinders, 255 heads, and 63 sectors per track (16,450,560 addressable sectors or 8423 MB). Therefore, the maximum values DOS can recognize in Identify Drive words 1, 3, and 6 are 16320x16x63 (8423 MB). DOS cannot utilize the full capacity of hard drives larger than 8.4 GB. Single Drive Alternate Jumper Settings -------------------------------------- Dual (Master) Drive Alternate Jumper Settings Dual (Slave) Drive Alternate Jumper Settings Windows 95 & Windows 98 ----------------------- Windows 95 and Windows 98 support extended INT 13 functions, and therefore support 8.4 GB and larger hard drives. However, if the system BIOS does not support extended INT 13 functions, then Windows 95 and Windows 98 are limited by the system BIOS's barrier and cannot support the full capacity of 8.4 GB and larger hard drives. To ensure that Windows 95 and Windows 98 recognize the full capacity of 8.4 GB and larger hard drives, the system BIOS must support extended INT 13 functions. Windows NT 4.0 -------------- Windows NT 4.0 recognizes the full capacity of hard drives up to the 8.4 GB limit in Identify Drive words 1, 3, and 6. Service Pack 3 is required to recognize hard drives larger than 8.4 GB. Without Service Pack 3, hard drives larger than 8.4 GB are treated as the capacity shown in Identify Drive words 1, 3, and 6 regardless of what is reported in words 60 and 61 (8.4 GB max.). The first partition in Windows NT 4.0 is limited to 4 GB. During the initial setup, it appears that the full capacity of the hard drive is not recognized. After installing Windows NT, use the Disk Administrator utility that comes with Windows NT to create additional partitions to utilize the full capacity of the 8.4 GB hard drive. Windows NT 4.0 does not require extended INT 13 functions to recognize the full capacity of the hard drive. Windows NT operates the same regardless of whether the extended INT 13 functions are present. OS/2 Warp 4.0 ------------- As of the date of this document, OS/2 Warp cannot be installed properly with 8.4 GB and larger hard drives. IBM is currently working on a patch to correct this. Novell Netware 4.11 ------------------- Novell Netware 4.11 recognizes the full capacity of hard drives up to the 8.4 GB limit in Identify Drive words 1, 3, and 6. Since Novell does not check Identify Drive words 60 and 61, hard drives larger than 8.4 GB are treated as the capacity reported in words 1, 3, and 6 (8.4 GB maximum). Novell Netware does not use extended INT 13 functions, so it cannot support larger than 8.4 GB hard drives. Conclusion ---------- The limitations of your system BIOS and your operating system combined determine your overall system limitation. For example, if your operating system recognizes extended BIOS functions, but your system BIOS has a 2.1 GB hard drive barrier, you are limited to your system BIOS's 2.1 GB hard drive barrier. Conversely, if your operating system does not recognize extended BIOS functions, but your system BIOS supports 8.4 GB hard drives, you are limited to your operating system's capability. Your system limitation is based on the lowest functioning barrier. To utilize the full capacity of 8.4 GB and larger hard drives, your system BIOS and operating system must support extended INT 13 functions. Since it is difficult to determine if your system BIOS supports 8.4 GB or larger hard drives, we recommend using EZ-Drive 9.06W or later. EZ-Drive 9.06W or later can determine whether or not your system BIOS properly supports the full capacity of your hard drive. If it does not, EZ-Drive installs EZ-BIOS on the boot sector of the hard drive to support the full capacity of your 8.4 GB or larger hard drive. If your system BIOS supports your hard drive, EZ-Drive does not install EZ-BIOS.