E M P I R E 1 0 8 0 S QUANTUM Native| Translation ------+-----+-----+----- Form 3.5"/SLIMLINE Cylinders 2874| | | Capacity form/unform 1080/ 1232 MB Heads 8| | | Seek time / track 9.5/ 1.8 ms Sector/track | | | Controller SCSI3 SI/FA Precompensation Cache/Buffer 512 KB LOOK-AHEAD Landing Zone Data transfer rate MB/S int Bytes/Sector 512 10.000 MB/S ext SYNC Recording method RLL 1/7 operating | non-operating -------------+-------------- Supply voltage 5/12 V Temperature *C 55 | -40 75 Power: sleep W Humidity % 5 95 | 5 95 standby W Altitude km -0.061 3.000| -0.305 12.000 idle 6.0 W Shock g 10 | 60 seek 7.3 W Rotation RPM 5400 read/write 7.5 W Acoustic dBA 35 spin-up W ECC Bit 112,REED SOLOMON MTBF h 500000 Warranty Month 60 Lift/Lock/Park YES Certificates CSA,FCC,TUV,UL1950,VDE ********************************************************************** L A Y O U T ********************************************************************** QUANTUM EMPIRE 540/1080S PRODUCT MANUAL 81-103983-01/03 1993/1994 +---------------------------------------------------------+ | +++++++++++++ |XX J1 | +++++++++++++JP1 |XX | F1+|XX | |||XX I | AUGUST 1993 ++|XX N | |XX T | J13+|XX E | ++|XX R | |XX F | |XX A | |XX C | |XX E | |X1 ++LED | ++ |XX J3 | |XX Power +---------------------------------------------------------+ 1 +---------------------------------------------------------+ | ++++++++++++ ++|XX J1 | ++++++++++++J9 |||XX | |||XX | |||XX I | JUNE 1994 ++|XX N | xxJ13XX T | xxTE|XX E | |XX R | ++|XX F | J12 |||XX A |+-+ Alternate RExx |||XX C || | Address |||XX E || | Connector ++|X1 |1-+ | ++J5 |XX J3 1+LED |XX Power +---------------------------------------------------------+ 1 ********************************************************************** J U M P E R S ********************************************************************** QUANTUM EMPIRE 1080/540S PRODUCT MANUAL 81-103983-01/03 1993/1994 Jumper Setting ============== x = Jumper set at factory AUGUST 1993 ---------------------------------A1---------+ +-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+A0-+-+-A2 |XX J1 |x|x| |x| |x| | | | | | | JP1 |XX +-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+ |XX | | | | | | | +-+-+ |XX (Factory I/O---+ | | | | | | + SCSI ID RESERVED) INT ----+ | | | | +------ WS | | | +-------- EP | | +---------- PF (Factory RESERVED) | +------------ TE +-------------- SS (Factory RESERVED) x = FACTORY RESERVED! JUNE 1994 --------------------------------A1--------+ +-+-+ +-+-+-+-+A0-+-+-A2 |XX J1 |x|x| |x|x| | | | | | | JP1 |XX +-+-+ +-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+ |XX | | | | | | +-+-+ |XX (Factory I/O---+ | | | | | + SCSI ID RESERVED) INT ----+ | | | +------ WS | | +-------- EP | +---------- PF (Factory RESERVED) +------------ SS (Factory RESERVED) x = FACTORY RESERVED! On the Drive's PCBA, there are eight pairs of jumper pins, usually called jumpers, that control the drive's operation. (In addition, numerous options controlled by SCSI commands affect the operation of the drive.) Four of these jumper pins, PF, SS, INT, and I/O, are re- served for factory use. However, you might need to change some of the other six jumpers to configure the drive properly. These user- configurable jumpers include: (* RE(J2) (JUNE 1994) - ROM enable) * TE - Termination Enable Jumper * EP - Enable Parity Jumper * WS - Wait/Spin Jumper * A2,A1,A0 - SCSI-Bus Identification Jumpers * J13 - SCSI Termination Power Jumper When you change any jumper setting but J13, the new setting is in effect the next time the drive is powered on. J13 immediately affects the SCSI terminator power source. +---------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+ | Jumper | Setting | Description | +---------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+ | RE(J2)| OPEN x | Firmware is executed from FLASH memory | |JUNE 1994| CLOSED | Firmware is executed from an internal | | | | microprocessor ROM | +---------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+ | TE | OPEN | Termination Disabled | | | CLOSED x | Termination Enabled | +---------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+ | EP | CLOSED x | Parity checking enabled | | | OPEN | Parity checking disabled | +---------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+ | WS | OPEN x | Wait/Spin disabled | | | CLOSED | Wait/Spin enabled | +---------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+ | A2,A1,A0| - | These jumpers are used in combination to | | | | determine the drive's SCSI ID. | +---------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+ | J13 | CLOSED x | SCSI terminator power supplied by the host | | | OPEN | SCSI terminator power supplied by the drive| +---------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+ JUNE 1994 RE(J2) ROM Enable Jumper ----------------------------------- The ROM Enable jumper determines the drive code execution mode. When RE is off (default), the drive firmware is executed from FLASH memory. When the drive is shipped with RE ON, the firmware is executed from an internal microprocessor ROM. TE Termination Enable Jumper ---------------------------- One of the requirements of the SCSI bus is that it be terminated with proper termination resistors. If more than one hard disk device is connected to the host, the last one must be terminated. The TE (Termination Enable) jumper, when installed, connects terminating resistors to the SCSI bus. With the TE jumper off, no resistors are connected. EP Enable Parity Jumper ------------------------ The Enable Parity (EP) jumper controls parity checking across the SCSI bus. With parity checking enabled, the drive performs parity checking. With parity checking disabled, the drive continues to generate parity information, but not perform parity checking. At the factory Quantum configures the Empire 540/1080S hard disk drive with parity enables; that is, with a jumper installed across the pins labeled EP. To disable parity checking, remove the jumper from the EP pins. WS Wait/Spin Jumper -------------------- With the Wait/Spin (WS) jumper disabled, at a power on or reset, the drive motor starts to spin automatically, and the drive prepares itself to perform read or write operations without the need for a start command. At a power or reset, with the Wait/Spin jumper enabled, the host must send a START/STOP UNIT command to activate the drive motor for read or write operations. In addition, with the W/S jumper enabled, the drive performs power sequencing to prevent an overload of the host's power supply due to simultaneous, peak start- up current demands from multiple devices. At the factory, Quantum configures the Empire 540/1080S hard disk drive with the Wait/spin jumper disabled; that is, without a jumper installed across the pins labeled WS. To enable the Wait/spin jumper, install a jumper across the WS pins. A2/A1/A0 SCSI-Bus Device Identification ---------------------------------------- Used in combination, the jumper settings across A2, A1, and A0 de- termine the Empire 540/1080S hard disk drive's SCSI-bus device identification (SCSI ID). By default, Quantum configures the drive with a SCSI ID of six; that is, with jumpers installed across the pins labeled A2 and A1, and no jumper installed across the pins labeled A0. +----------+-----------------------+ | SCSI ID | Jumpers | | | A2 | A1 | A0 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+ | 0 | OPEN | OPEN | OPEN | | 1 | OPEN | OPEN | CLOSED| | 2 | OPEN | CLOSED| OPEN | | 3 | OPEN | CLOSED| CLOSED| | 4 | CLOSED| OPEN | OPEN | | 5 | CLOSED| OPEN | CLOSED| |x 6 | CLOSED| CLOSED| OPEN | | 7 | CLOSED| CLOSED| CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+ The SCSI bus supports up to eigth devices, including the host system. A device's identification number determines its priority and must be unique in the system. JUNE 1994 J12 Alternate Address Connector ----------------------------------------- When external SCSI ID addressing is used, all jumpers installed across the pins labeled A2, A1, and A0 at J9 must be removed. J12 Pin Assignment +---+-------------+ |PIN| Power Line | | | Designation | +---+-------------+ | 1 | Ground | | 2 | A2 | | 3 | A1 | | 4 | A0 | | 5 | N/C | +---+-------------+ ********************************************************************** I N S T A L L ********************************************************************** QUANTUM EMPIRE 540/1080S PRODUCT MANUAL 81-103983-01/03 1993/1994 Notes on installation ===================== Orientation ----------- The mounting holes on the Empire 540/1080S hard disk drive allow the drive to be mounted in any orientation. Mounting -------- Drive mounting orientation, clearance, and ventilation requirements are described in the following subsections. For mounting, #6-32 UNC screws are recommended. To avoid stripping the mounting-hole threads, the maximum torque applied to the screws must not exceed 8 inch- pounds. Clearance --------- The printed-circuit board assembly (PCBA) is very close to the mounting holes. Clearance from the drive to any other surface - except mounting surfaces - must be 2.6 millimeters (0.10 inches) minimum. The specified screw length allows full use of the mounting- hole threads, while avoiding damaging or placing unwanted stress on the PCB. Ventilation ----------- The Empire 540/1080S hard disk drives operates without a cooling fan, provided the ambient air temperature does not exceed 131*F (55*C). J3 DC Power Connector --------------------- The drive's DC power connector (J3) is mounted on the back edge of the Printed-Circuit Board (PCB). +----------+ |4 3 2 1| +----------+ Recommended connectors and their numbers: 4-pin connector: AMP P/N 1-480424-0 or equivalent Loose-piece contacts: AMP P/N 60619-1 or equivalent (20-14 ga.) Strip contacts: AMP P/N 61117-1 or equivalent (20-14 ga.) pin 1 +12 VDC pin 2 +12 Volts Return (Ground) pin 3 + 5 Volts Return (Ground) pin 4 + 5 VDC Note: Labels indicate the pin numbers on the connector. Pins 2 and 3 (ground returns) are connected on the drive. J5 LED Connector ---------------- The drive's LED connector is mounted on the back edge of the PCB. The recommended header connector includes: Connector housing: MOLEX P/N 51021-0200 or equivalent Contact Pins: MOLEX P/N 50079-8000 or equivalent Pin Assignments: Pin 1 GROUND Pin 2 +5V J12 Alternate Address Connector (JUNE 1994) (50-Pin) ---------------------------------------------------- The drive's Alternate Address Connector is mounted on the back edge of the PCB. The recommended header connector includes: Berg Electronics - Connector housing P/N 51021-0500 or equivalent - Contact Pins P/N 50679-8000 (26 to 30 AWG) or equivalent J1 SCSI Connector 50-PIN ------------------------- The SCSI cable connector (J1) on the Empire 540/1080S hard disk drive is a 50-pin universal header. A key slot on the header prevents the incorrect installation of the header connector on the SCSI cable. To prevent the header connector on the SCSI cable from being plugged in backwards, use only a keyed header connector. Recommended header connectors and their part numbers: 50-pin connector (base part) AMP P/N 1-746195-2, or equivalent 50-pin connector strain relief AMP P/N 1-499508-2 or equivalent +----------------------------------------+ | | | | | +-----J1-SCSI----------------Power---+ | | |+-------------------------++4-3-2-1+| | | ||oooooooooooooooooooooooo1||O O O O|| | | ||ooooooooooooooooooooooooo|| || | | |+-Interface-Connector-----++--J3---+| | +-+------------------------------------+-+ J1 SCSI Interface Connector 68-PIN ---------------------------------- The recommended header connector for the 68-pin SCSI connector include: - Connector AMP P/N 786090-7 or equivalent J1 Interface Connector 80-PIN ----------------------------- The recommended header connector for the 80-pin SCSI connector include: - Connector AMP P/N 2-557101-1 Right Angle (PCB) or AMP P/N 2-557103-1 Straight (PCB) Power ----- The Empire 540/1080S hard disk drive operates from two supply voltages: * +12V - 7% * + 5V 5% The allowable ripple and noise for each voltage is 200 mV peak-to- peak for the +12 Vdc supply and 100 mV peak-to-peak for the +5 Vdc supply. Power Sequencing ---------------- You can apply the power in any order or manner, or short or open either the power or power-return line with no loss of data or damage to the disk drive. However, data might be lost in the sector being written at the time of power loss. The drive can withstand transient voltages of +10% to -100% from nominal while powering up or down. When cycling power, a wait period of 15-20 seconds must be allowed to stop the spindle motor completely before power is restored. Air Filter ---------- Empire hard disk drives are Winchster-type drives. The heads fly very close to the media surface, at a nominal flying height of 0.3 microinches. Therefore, it is essential that the air circulating within the drive be kept free of paticles. Quantum assembles the drive in a Class-100, purified-air environment, sealing the drive mechanism under a metal cover. When the drive is in use, the rotation of the disks forces the air inside the drive through an internal filter. Disk Caching ------------ The Empire 540/1080S hard disk drive incorporates DisCache, a 512K disk cache, to enhance drive performance. This integrated feature can significantly improve system throughput. Read and write caching can be enabled or disabled using the MODE SELECT command. Acoustics --------- +-----------------+----------------+----------+ | Operating Mode | Measured Noise | Distance | +-----------------+----------------+----------+ | Idle On Track | 35 dBA (mean) | (1 m) | | | 38 dBA (max.) | 39.4 in | +-----------------+----------------+----------+ | Seeking Random | TBD | 39.4 in | | | | (1 m) | +-----------------+----------------+----------+ Automatic Actuator Lock ----------------------- To ensure data integrity and prevent damage during shipment, the Empire 540/1080S uses a dedicated landing zone and Quantum's patented AIRLOCK. The AIRLOCK holds the headstack in the landing zone whenever the disks are not rotating. It consists of an air vane mounted near the perimeter of the disk stack and a locking arm that restrains the actuator arm assembly. When power is applied to the motor and the disk stack rotates, the rotation generates an airflow on the surface of the disk. As the flow of air across the air vane increases with disk rotation, the locking arm pivots away from the actuator arm, enabling the headstack to move out of the landing. When DC power is removed from the motor, an electric return mechanism automatically pulls the actuator into the landing zone, where the AIRLOCK holds it in place. Microcomputer/DSP Interface --------------------------- The microcomputer and DSP operate in a master/slave relationship. The microcomputer is the master, and is able to read any location in the DSP's data or program memory, and can write to any RAM-based data or programm memory locations. A single exchange, which can occur once per control interval (twice per servo sample) involves either a read or a write of a single DSP memory location. The DSP code is structured such that a single write can initiate a seek. ********************************************************************** F E A T U R E S ********************************************************************** QUANTUM EMPIRE 540/1080S PRODUCT MANUAL 81-103983-01/03 1993/1994 Product Overview ---------------- Quantum's Empire 540/1080S hard disk drives are part of a family of high-performance, 1-inch-high, hard disk drives manufactured to meet the highest product quality standards. Empire hard disk drives use nonremovable, 3 -inch hard disks. The Empire 540/1080S hard disk drives feature an embedded SCSI drive controller and use SCSI commands. The drive manages media defects and error recovery internally, so these operations are transparent to the user. Formatted Capacity ------------------ At the factory, the Empire 540/1080S receives a low-level format that creates the actual tracks and sectors on the drive. Track Formatting ---------------- The Empire 540/1080S hard disk drive is shipped from the factory with all of the physical sector addresses prewritten on the surface of the disk. As a result, the number of bytes per sector and the number of sectors per track are not selectable by the user. Reliability ----------- Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF): 500,000 Power On Hours (POH), typical usage Preventive Maintenance (PM): None Mean Time To Repair (MTTR): 30 minutes Start/Stop: 20,000 cycles (minimum) Defect Management ----------------- The Empire 540S allocates one sector per cylinder as a spare; the Empire 1080S allocates four sector per cylinder as a spare. In the factory, the media is scanned for defects. If a sector on a cylinder is found to be defective, the address of the sector is added to the drive's defect list. Sectors located physically subsequent to the defective sector are assigned logical block addresses such that a sequential ordering of logical blocks results. This inline sparing technique is employed in an attempt to eliminate slow data transfer that would result from a offline defect sparing. If more than four sector is found defective on a cylinder, the inline sparing technique is applied only to the first sector. The remaining defective sectors are replaced with the nearest available spare sectors on nearby cylinders. Such an assignment of additional replacement sectors from nearby sectors rather than having a central pool of spare sectors is an attempt to minimize the motion of the actuator and head that otherwise would be needed to find a replace- ment sector. The result is minimal reduction of data throughput. Error Correction Code and ECC On-The-Fly ---------------------------------------- The Empire 540/1080S hard disk drive implements a 14byte, three-way interleaved Reed-Solomom error detection and correction algorithm. Single burst errors of up to to 24 bits within one sector can be corrected "on-the-fly", in real time as they occur, allowing a high degree of data integrity with no impact to the drive's performance. The drive does not need to re-read sector on the next disk revolu- tion or apply ECC for those errors that are corrected on-the-fly. Errors corrected in this manner are invisible to the host system. The drive does not report a recovered error unless it needs more than two disk revolutions to correct the error. When errors cannot be corrected on-the-fly, an automatic retry and a more rigorous double burts error correction algorithm enable the correction of any sector with two burst of three incorrect bytes each. In addition to this error correction capability, the drive's implementation of an additional cross-checking code and algorithm double checks the main ECC correction and greatly improves the probability of miscorrection. Seek Times ---------- +-----------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+ |Times | Typical | Nominal | Maximum | |msec. | Nominal | Condition | Worst-Case | +-----------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+ |Single Track Seek | 1.8 | 3 | 3.5 | |Average Seek | 9.5 | 11 | 12 | |1/3-Stroke Seek | 11 | 13 | TBD | |Full-Stroke Seek | 19 | 25 | 27 | |Average Write | 11 | 12.5 | TBD | |Average Rotational | | | | |Latency | 5.56 | 5.56 | 5.56 | |Sequential Head Switch | TBD | TBD | 3 | +-----------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+ Spindle Motor ------------- The Empire 540/1080S spindle motor is a three-phase motor and is responsible for spinning the disks at a rotational speed 5400 0.3%. The spindle motor is Y-wound, with the center tap (neutral) brought out. The motor contains eight poles and operates as a three-phase device. Hardware Requirements --------------------- Empire 540/1080S hard disk drives are compatible with host computers and controllers that provide a SCSI-2 or SCSI-3 interface.